Generally speaking, a carpet consists of 3 parts: a soft surface, a first backing, a second backing, and sometimes, a fourth backing.
Soft side
The soft side is the yarn we can see and touch. The fiber can be synthetic or natural.
The density of the soft surface is the inspection standard for the quality of the carpet: the greater the density of the soft surface, the better the quality of the carpet. High-density carpets keep their shape longer, and have better dirt and stain resistance. A simple way to check is to fold a small piece of carpet. If the backing is easy to see, the quality is not very good.
The density of the soft surface is measured by the number of soft surface threads or tufts (loops) on a 68 cm (27 inch) wide carpet. For woven carpets, this ratio is called pitch; for pile carpets, this The ratio is called the gauge.
Another indicator of carpet durability is the weight per unit area of ​​the carpet. The weight of the face fiber per square yard (0.836 square meter) (in ounces or grams, 1 ounce = 28.35 grams) is called the surface weight. The larger the face weight value, the better the quality of the carpet.
The height of the soft surface is the third measure of carpet quality; long fibers are better than short fibers. The twist that the soft surface fiber shows is the fourth criterion. The greater the twist, the better the quality of the carpet.
Backing
The backing is on the lower side of the carpet. It backs the piles (loops) on the soft surface and determines the strength and stability of the carpet. Most carpets have two layers of backing. The yarn is attached to the first layer of backing. The outer layer of backing is called the second layer of backing. There is a layer of latex adhesive between the two layers, fixing the soft-faced hair pin to the backing of the first layer.
The types of backing include jute (a natural fiber imported from India and Bangladesh), polypropylene (synthetic thermoplastic resin), and foam latex. The foam backing is often attached to the first backing to provide an internal lining for the carpet, so as not to add another lining. The less expensive carpets are mostly of this type. For high-priced carpets, latex-coated jute is a good material for the second backing. However, the synthetic backing has better anti-mold, anti-odor and anti-dry performance, and it will not cause allergies.
Lining
The lining material can be placed under the carpet to provide an extra layer of isolation, which can be soundproof and increase comfort. Like a "buffer", it can extend the life of the carpet. Common linings include foam latex, urethane foam, and natural materials such as a mixture of jute and hair. The choice of lining depends on the type and comfort of the carpet used, and the degree and type of carpet wear under normal conditions.
Some experts suggest not to use linings, and to stick the carpet directly to the ground in places where there is a lot of walking and where a cart with heavy objects passes. They think that a thick lining will increase friction, cause the carpet to bend longitudinally and easily tear, which will damage the carpet prematurely.
There are 3 types of carpets on the market. Broad carpets are generally 3 meters (12 feet) wide, but wide carpets of 3.8 meters (15 feet) wide can also be customized. The width of the long carpet ranges from 0.5 meters (2 feet) to 2.2 meters (9 feet). The size of the carpet tile is 1.2 square meters. Carpet tiles are very suitable for public places, such as halls, halls, and meeting rooms. Compared with the past, the new adhesive makes it easier to move the carpet tiles. The size of the standard carpet varies from 0.75 meters X 1.2 meters (3 feet X 5 feet) to 2.5 meters X 3 meters (10 feet X 12 feet). The size required by the customer may be larger.